HISTORY OF MOTION PICTURE

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Since motion picture were invented, audiences have loved how they tell stories. Movies enabled people to tell stories. Movies enabled people to travel the world vicariously, and experience tragedy, love and nearly every other emotion. Movies spread quickly, making them one of the most accessible and beloved forms of entertainment in the world.

In this blog we are going to see about the history of cinema from the 19^th century.

ORIGINS OF MOTION PICTURE🎥📹📸

The origins of film motion is started in 1830-1910. Hence lets get into the origins of motion picture. The illusion of motion picture is based on the optical phenomena known as persistence of vision and the phi phenomenon. The first of these causes the brain to retain images cast upon the retina of the eye for a fraction of a second beyond their disappearance from the field of sight, while the latter creates apparent movement between images when they succeed one another rapidly. Together these phenomena permit the succession of still frames on a motion picture film strip to represent continuous movement when projected at the proper speed (traditionally 16 frames per second for silent films and 24 frames per second for sound films). 

 Before the invention of photography, a variety of optical toys exploited this effect by mounting successive phase drawings of things in motion on the face of a twirling disk(the phenakistoscope,c.1832) or inside a rotating drum ( the zoetrope,c.1834). Then, in 1839, Louis-jacques-mande Daguerre, a French painter, perfected the positive photographic process known as a daguerreotype, and that same year the English scientist William Henry fox Talbot successfully demonstrated a negative photographic process Henry Fox Talbot  successfully demonstrated a negative photographic process that theoretically allowed unlimited positive prints to be produced from each negative.

 As photography was innovated and refined over the next few decades, it became possible to replace the phrase drawings in the early optical toys and devices with individually posed phase photographs, a practice that was widely and popularly carried out. There would be no true motion pictures, however, until live action could be  photographed spontaneously and simultaneously.

Photography in motion:

Photography became a part of public life in the mid-19^th century, especially during the civil war, when photographers documented American battlefields for the first time. Experimenting with ways to exihibit photographs, several inventors came up with a simple toy that made it possible for a series of pictures to be viewed in rapid succession, creating the illusion of motion. It was called a zoetrope.

Horse wager is an first motion picture:

In October 19, 1878, scientific American published a series of pictures depicting a horse in full gallop, along with instructions to view them through the zoetrope. The photos were taken by an English photographer, Eadweard Muybridge, to settle a bet between California businessman Leland Stanford and his colleagues. Stanford contented that at some point in a horse’s stride, all four hooves were off the ground. He enlisted Muybridge to take photographs of the positions of a horse’s hooves in rapid succession. Muybridge’s 12 pictures showed that Stanford had won the bet.

Rudimentary projector:

Muybridge’s  findings fascinated many, and with Stanford’s support he created a sequential photo projector the zoo gyroscope in 1879. With this device, Muybridge projected his photos to an enthralled san Francisco audience the following year.

12 pictures per second:

Meanwhile, in Paris, noted physiologist Etienne-Jules marey was doing similar work. His studies of animals in motion drove him to experiment with photography, and he fashioned a camera that could take 12 pictures per second of a moving object. The techniques, called chronophotography, along with Muybridge’s work, were the founding concepts for motion picture cameras and projectors.

 

The kinetograph:

In 1988 in newyork city. The great inventor Thomas Edison and his British assistant William Dickson worried that others were gaining ground in camera development. The pair set out to create a device that could record moving pictures. In 1890 Dickson unveiled the kinetograph, a primitive motion picture camera. In 1892 he announced the invention of the kinestoscope, a machine that could project the moving images onto a screen. In 1894, Edison initiated public film screening in recently-opened “kinetograph parlors”.

The kinestoscope was apparently completed by 1982.

DAVID ROBINSON WRITES:

It considered of an upright wooden cabinet, 18 in. x 27 in. x 4ft. high, with a peephole with magnifying lenses in the top..inside the box the film, in a continuous band of approximately 50 feet, was arranged around a series of spools. A large, electrically driven sprocket holes punched in the edges of the film, which was thus drawn under the lens at a continuous rate. Beneath the film was an electric lamp, and between the lamp and the film a revolving shutter with a narrow slit. As each frame passed under the lens, the shutter permitted a flash light so brief that the frame appeared to be frozen. This rapid series of apparently still frames appeared, thanks to the persistence of vision phenomenon, as a moving image.

At this point, the horizontal-feed system had been changed to one which the film was fed vertically. The viewer would look into a peep-hole at the top of the cabinet in order to see the image move. The first public demonstration of the kinestoscope was held at the Brooklyn institute of arts  and science on may 9, 1893.  

EDISON AND THE LUMIERE BROTHERS:

Thomas alva Edison invented the phonograph in 1877, and it quickly became the most popular home entertainment device of the century.  Building upon the work of Muybridge and marey, Dickson combined two essential of motion-picture recording and viewing technology.

FIRST VIABLE PROJECTOR:

When in USA the kinestoscope where in markets , in Europe they were more beyond than us AUGUSTE and LOUIS, to invent the first commercial viable projector. Their cinematographe, which functioned as a camera and printer as well as projector, ran at the economical speed of 16 frames per second. It was given its commercial demonstration on dec 28, 1895. Unlike the kinetograph, which was battery-driven and weighed more than 1,000 pounds(453)kg, the cinematographe was hand-cranked lightweight (less than 20 pounds {9kg}), and relatively portable. The lumiere technology became the European standard during the early primitive era, and, because the lumieres sent their cameramen all over the world in search of exotic subjects, the cinematgraphe became the founding’s instrument of distant cinemas in Russia, Australia, and Japan. From then evolution of camera is really high with numerous scientist and person involvement and hard work made motions great and reached us delight. which we would memorize the motions lifelong.

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